Mounting Partisi NTFS & FAT di Ubuntu

Jenis Mounting yang bisa dilakukan antaralain: 1. mount/unmount Partisi Windows (NTFS) secara manual (Read Only)
2. mount/unmount Partisi Windows (FAT) secara manual (read/write)
3. mount Partisi Windows (NTFS) secara otomastis saat Boot Up (Read/Write)
4. mountPartisi Windows (FAT) secara otomastis saat Boot Up (Read/Write)Ada beberapa pilihan mounting partisi di Ubuntu, yaitu :
Mount/unmount secara manuall, nampaknya berguna kalau kita menjalankan Komputer kita dengan Live CD. Sedangkan yang no3 bagus utuk dipakai pada Ubuntu yang sudah terinstall di hardisk, agar kita tidak repot2 melakukan mounting setiap kita perlu data2 di hardisk NTFS kita.Melakukan mount/unmount di Ubuntu dilakukan dengan cara mengetikkan perintah2 pada “Terminal”, yaitu : Application –> Accessories –> Terminal.

Ketikan perintah yang kita inginkan di Terminal setelah prompt / tanda “~$ ” .

Berikut ini adalah perintah2 untuk mount/unmount Partisi windows.

Dalam posting ini diasumsikan lokasi partisi Windows kita adalah /dev/hda1 . Local mount folder: /media/windows (di laptop saya, File system Windows ada di hda1 dan partsi data ada di hda5. Sedangkan partisi linux yag dibuatkan Ubuntu ada di hda3 dan hda6.) Jadi sesuaikan dengan lokasi partisi anda!

Kali aja ada pembaca yang lebih ga ngerti dari saya; “unmount” itu artinya agar partisi Windows kita kembali tidak terbaca oleh Ubuntu.
1. mount/unmount Partisi Windows (NTFS) secara manual (Read Only) :

Mount :

sudo mkdir /media/windowssudo mount /dev/hda1 /media/windows/ -t ntfs -o nls=utf8,umask=0222

Unmount :

sudo umount /media/windows/

2. mount/unmount Partisi Windows (FAT) secara manual (read/write)
Mount :

sudo mkdir /media/windowssudo mount /dev/hda1 /media/windows/ -t vfat -o iocharset=utf8,umask=000

Unmount :

sudo umount /media/windows/

3. mount Partisi Windows (NTFS) secara otomastis saat Boot Up (Read/Write)

sudo mkdir /media/windows

sudo cp /etc/fstab /etc/fstab_backup

gksudo gedit /etc/fstab

Kemudian akan muncul Pop-up window, ganti kalimat terakhir pd pop-up window tsb dengan :

/dev/hda1    /media/windows ntfs  nls=utf8,umask=0222 0    0

(ubah hda1 dengan nama partisi windows kita, tapi biasanya file system Windows memang ada di hda1, sedangan partisi windows lainnya belum tentu sama). Kemudian Save untuk menyimpan perubahan settingan tadi.

4. mount Partisi Windows (FAT) secara otomastis saat Boot Up (Read/Write)

sudo mkdir /media/windows

sudo cp /etc/fstab /etc/fstab_backup

gksudo gedit /etc/fstab

Kemudian akan muncul Pop-up window, ganti kalimat terakhir pd pop-up window tsb dengan :

/dev/hda1    /media/windows vfat  iocharset=utf8,umask=000  0    0

(ubah hda1 dengan nama partisi windows kita, tapi biasanya file system Windows memang ada di hda1, sedangan partisi windows lainnya belum tentu sama). Kemudian Save untuk menyimpan perubahan settingan tadi.

Setelah semua proses konfigurasi /etc/fstab selesai dilakukan silahkan Reboot Komputer anda

nb: utk menghindari salah ketik di Terminal, copy paste saja syntax perintah. Dan kalau anda ragu saya tidak salah ketik /copy paste dari sumbernya aslinya, anda bisa lihat / copy paste di sumber aslinya.

Konfigurasi DNS Server di opensuse 10.2

Konfigurasi DNS Server di opensuse 10.2

Langkah – langkah konfigurasi, anatara lain

1. Instalasi bind

2. setting bind

   file – file yang harus diperhatikan untuk mengkonfigurasi bind

   -

   1. /etc/resolv.conf

   2. /etc/named.conf

       

3. setting domain.

   -

   1. Nama domain adalah fujistaff.tux

   2. Nama DNS server server.fujistaff.tux

   3. IP DNS Server 10.99.1.253

       

4. konfigurasi file – file penting

   /etc/named.conf

    

   zone “fujistaff.tux” {

   type master;

   file “fujistaff.tux.zone”;

   allow-update {key”rndckey”;};

   allow-transfer{10.99.1/8;};notify yes;

   };

zone “1.99.10.in-addr.arpa” {

type master;

file “1.99.10.in-addr.arpa.zone”;

allow-update {key”rndckey”;};

allow-transfer{10.99.1/8;};

notify yes;

};

/etc/resolv.conf

 

search fujistaff.tux

nameserver 10.99.1.253

/var/lib/named/fujistaff.tux.zone

$ TTL 1 d

@ IN SOA server.fujistaff.tux. root.fujistaff.tux. (

2007063000; serial

8h;refresh

2h;retry

1w;expiry

1d);minimum

fujistaff.tux. IN MX 10 mail.fujistaff.tux.

fujistaff.tux. IN NS server.fujistaff.tux.

server IN A 10.99.1.253

mail IN CNAME server

www IN CNAME server

ftp IN CNAME server

/var/lib/named/1.99.10.in-addr.arpa.zone

$TTL 1d

@ IN SOA server.fujistaff.tux. root.fujistaff.tux. (

2007063000; serial

8h;refresh

2h;retry

1w;expiry

1d);minimum

IN NS server.fujistaff.tux.

253 IN PTR server.fujistaff.tux.

5. Setelah semua konfigurasi selesai, aktifkan service named dengan perintah di console

   #service named start

6. atau untuk automasi pada saat reboot dengan perintah #chkconfig named on

    

Instalasi NFS Server dan sharing file dengan NFS pada opensuse 10.2

Instalasi NFS Server dan sharing file dengan NFS pada opensuse 10.2

Langkah – langkah instalasi NFS Server

1. Proses instalasi bisa dilakukan melalui yast,

pilih component nfs yang berhubungan dengan nfs.

2.Setelah proses instalasi selesai, maka perlu adanya konfigurasi NFS server, sebelum anda menjalanankan NFS, anda harus melakukan beberapa konfigurasi file, file file tersebut antara lain
- /etc/exports
- /etc/hosts.allow
- /etc/hosts.deny

3.Diasumsikan PC Server mempunyai IP 10.99.1.253
untuk PC Client, antara lain
- Dept SSC (10.99.1.30 – 10.99.1.39)
- Dept Payroll (10.99.1.203-10.99.1.207)
- Dept HR (10.99.1.8 – 10.99.1.15 )

Langkah- langkah yang harus dilakukan adalah sebagai berikut

1. Mengekspor NFS File System
cara setting konfigurasi /etc/exports adalah sebagai berikut:
pada console, login sebagai root:
login : root
pwd : *******
Lakukan editing pada file /etc/exports, sebai berikut
root@server# vi /etc/exports
pada file /etc/exports, tambahkan baris direktori dan user seperti berikut ini
/data/share/doc 10.99.1.100(rw,async)
Simpan konfigurasi anda.
2. Konfigurasi /etc/hosts.deny
/etc/hosts.deny berfungsi untuk melakukan pemblokiran akses ke server terhadap semua IP yang ada
langkah – langkah sebagai berikut:

Lakukan editing pada /etc/hosts.deny, dengan perintah pada concsole sebagai berikut
root@server# vi /etc/hosts.deny
isikan kalaimat seperti di bawah ini.
portmap:ALL lockd:ALL mountd:ALL
rquotad:ALL statd:ALL
simpan konfigurasi tersebut.

3.Konfigurasi /etc/hosts.allow
/etc/hosts.allow berfungsi untuk memberikan izin IP mana saja yang bisa mengakses data yang di share oleh NFS Server. adapun langkah konfigurasinya sebagai berikut:
Editing file /etc/hosts.allow
Isikan alamat IP, seperti di bawah ini.
lockd : 10.99.1.30
rquotd :10.99.1.30
mountd : 10.99.1.30
statd : 10.99.1.30

Atau masukkan IP-IP yang di berikan hak akses ke NFS Server.

4.Menjalankan service pendukung.
setelah semua konfigurasi selesai, maka kita jalankan sevice – service pendukung seperti
- portmap, dengan perintah pada console #service portmap start
- nfs, dengan perintah pada console #service nfs start

5.Untuk monitoring dengan menggunakan rpcinfo dalam rangka untuk memastikan NFS dan portmap sudah berjalan dengan normal.
root@server# rpcinfo -p program vers proto port

6.Menjalankan ulang export, dengan perintah root#server exports -ra
perintah tersebut berfungsi untuk meminta nfsd membaca ulang file konfigurasi /etc/exports yang telah di modifikasi.

Konfigurasi Client NFS

Setelah selesai melakukan setting NFS pada server, selanjutnya melakukan setting pada PC client yang bisa untuk akses data yang di NFS Server.
diasumsikan pc client mempunyai IP 10.99.1.30.
Berikut ini adalah langkah -langkah untuk melakukan setting client NFS.
Login sebagai root pada console.
Pastikan file /proc/ filesystems ada baris berisi nfs, dengan perintah root@server# more /proc/filesystems
Adapun cara untuk melakukan mounting direktori-direktori remote adalah sebagai berikut:
1. Pada console, login sebagai root
2. Buatlah direktori baru pada direktori /mnt, misalkan datashare
3. Lakukan mounting direktori pada server, dengan cara sebagai berikut
# mount 10.99.1.253:/usr/share/doc/ /mnt/datashare
4. Untuk melakukan unmounting dengan perintah
# umount /mnt/datashare
Untuk melakukan mounting secara otomatis anda bisa melakukan dengan mengedit pada /etc/fstab, tambahkan baris seperti dibawah ini
10.99.1.253:/usr/share/doc/ /mnt/doc nfs rw 0 0
Simpan hasil konfigurasi, kemudian restart pc tersebut untuk mounting secara automatic.
Selamat mencoba.

Konfigurasi samba PDC di Opensuse 10.2

Langkah – langkah instalasi
1.Install komponen Samba
proses instalasi samba bisa menggunakan yast, kemudian ketik samba, untuk lebih jelas lihat gambar di bawah ini.

Pilih komponen yang di butuhkan dalam instalasi samba.

2.Setelah proses instalasi semua komponen samba server selesai, Kemudian edit konfigurasi smb.conf pada /etc/samba/smb.conf.
3.Tambah konfigurasi smb.conf seperti di bawah ini.
4.Setelah setting smb.conf selesai jalankan service samba dengan cara
#service smb start dan untuk merestart konfigurasi samba dengan perintah
#service smb restart
5.Cara setup client samba secara automatic dengan menambahkan script seperti di baawah ini pada opsi [global]
add machine script = /usr/sbin/useradd -c Machine -d /var/lib/nobody -s /bin/false %m$
6.Untuk menambahkan user samba dengan cara
#smbpasswd -a nama user
7.membuat home folder untuk user lokal
# cd /srv/samba/profiles
# mkdir namauser
8.untuk merubah kepemilikan user
# chown namauser folderuser

ingat , untuk sebelumnya silahkan membuat folder samba/profiles di dalam folder /srv , dengan cara
# mkdir /srv/samba
# mkdir /srv/samba/profiles

Untuk selanjutnya proses penambahan user bisa menggunakan webmin.

9.Setting PC client ke samba server
- jika pc client windows 98 atau me,koneksi dilakukan melalau properties neigborhood.
- Jika pc client windows xp, pada properties my network, klik tab computer name kemudian ganti domain sesuai dengan nama workgroup pada seting smb.conf
10.selamat mencoba.

# smb.conf is the main Samba configuration file. You find a full commented
# version at /usr/share/doc/packages/samba/examples/smb.conf.SUSE if the
# samba-doc package is installed.
# Date: 2006-11-27
[global]
admin users = root
prefered master = yes
time server = yes
cups options = raw
netbios name = SERVER
printing = cups
writeable = yes
invalid users = bin,daemon,sys,man,postfix,mail,ftp
local master = Yes
workgroup = fujistaff
os level = 65
printcap name = cups
security = user
add machine script = /usr/sbin/useradd -c Machine -d /var/lib/nobody -s /bin/false %m$
directory mode = 777
log level = 2
log file = /var/log/samba/log.%l
socket options = TCP_NEDELAY IPTOS_LOWDELAY SO_SNDBUF=8192
logon drive = P:
map to guest = Bad User
username map = /etc/samba/user.map
domain master = Yes
logon home = \\%L\%U\.9xprofile
passdb backend = smbpasswd
printcap cache time = 750
usershare max shares = 100
logon path = \\%L\profiles\%u
domain logon = yes
create mode = 777
domain logons = Yes

# usershare allow guests = No
# logon script = %U.bat
create mask = 777
directory mask = 777
preferred master = Yes
read only = No
#create mask = 777
#directory mask = 777
#read only = No

[homes]
comment = Home Directories
valid users = %S, %D%w%S
browseable = No
read only = No
inherit acls = Yes

[netlogon]
path = /srv/samba/netlogon
browseable = yes
public = no
writeable = no
comment = Network Logon Service
write list = root
guest ok = no
read only = Yes
[profiles]

path = /srv/samba/profiles
writeable = yes
create mask = 0700
directory mask = 0700
browseable = no

[sharedata]
comment = dat public
writeable = yes
invalid users = bin,daemon,sys,man,postfix,mail,ftp
path = /srv/share-data

[users]
comment = All users
path = /home
read only = No
inherit acls = Yes
veto files = /aquota.user/groups/shares/
# [groups]
# comment = All groups
# path = /home/groups
# read only = No
# inherit acls = Yes

[printers]
comment = Silahkan dipakai
path = /var/tmp
printable = Yes
create mask = 0600
browseable = yes
#guest = ok

[print$]
comment = Printer Drivers
path = /var/lib/samba/drivers
write list = @ntadmin root
force group = ntadmin
create mask = 0664
directory mask = 0775
browseable = yes

[scan]
browseable = yes
public = yes
path = /scan
#guest account = akhrikas

Keterangan untuk masing masing OPSI

1.[global] : opsi utama
log file : lokasi log yang berhubungan dengan aktivitas samba.
socket optiion :
admin users : nama user yang brtindak sebagai administrator
domain master : master domain
time server : bertindak sebagai server untuk pencocokan waktu.
lohon home : nama direktori untuk maping user login
netbios name : nama pc yang tampil pada network
writeable : tipe permision
server string : keterangan mengenai server samba (identitas server)
invalid user : nama user yang tidak boleh masuk ke samba server
workgroup : nama workgroup/domain
logon path : nama direktori untuk script logon
os level : level hak sebagai domain controler. untuk OS windows mempunyai OS level 32
create mode : permission status untuk fle yang baru di buat di samba folder.
add machine script : script untuk penambahan pc client.
prefered master : sebagai master browser.
directory mode : permission status untuk folder yang baru di buat di samba folder.
domain logon : menjadi PDC

opsi seperi home, netlogon di gunakan untuk menyimpasn konfigurasi setting di masing masing client.

* opsi share di bawah ini merupak contoh, sharing data dimana user samba yang boleh masu kke folder tersebut adalah devi dengan tipe read only.

[jamsostek 2008]
read list = devi
valid users = devi
path = /data/jamsostek/indra/Siap Migrasi Indra/NEW JAMSOSTEK 2008

CCNA Exploration 4.0: Network Fundamentals – Chapter 4 Exam Answers

1 Refer to the exhibit. What two pieces of information can be determined from the output that is shown? (Choose two.)
The local host is using well-known port numbers to identify the source ports.
* A termination request has been sent to 192.135.250.10.
Communication with 64.100.173.42 is using HTTP Secure.
* The local computer is accepting HTTP requests.
192.168.1.101:1042 is performing the three-way handshake with 128.107.229.50:80.

2 After a web browser makes a request to a web server that is listening to the standard port, what will be the source port number in the TCP header of the response from the server?
13
53
* 80
1024
1728

3 Which information is found in both the TCP and UDP header information?
sequencing
flow control
acknowledgments
*source and destination

4 Which is an important characteristic of UDP?
acknowledgement of data delivery
* minimal delays in data delivery
high reliability of data delivery
same order data delivery

5 Refer to the exhibit. Host A is using FTP to download a large file from Server 1. During the download process, Server 1 does not receive an acknowledgment from Host A for several bytes of transferred data. What action will Server 1 take as a result?
create a Layer 1 jam signal
* reach a timeout and resend the data that needs to be acknowledged
send a RESET bit to the host
change the window size in the Layer 4 header

6 Refer to the exhibit. In line 7 of this Wireshark capture, what TCP operation is being performed?
* session establishment
segment retransmit
data transfer
session disconnect

7 Refer to the exhibit. The initial TCP exchange of data between two hosts is shown in the exhibit. Assuming an initial sequence number of 0, what sequence number will be included in Acknowledgment 2 if Segment 6 is lost?
2
3
6
* 1850
3431
3475

8 Why is flow control used for TCP data transfer?
to synchronize equipment speed for sent data
to synchronize and order sequence numbers so data is sent in complete numerical order
* to prevent the receiver from being overwhelmed by incoming data
to synchronize window size on the server
to simplify data transfer to multiple hosts

9 During a TCP communication session, if the packets arrive to the destination out of order, what will happen to the original message?
The packets will not be delivered.
The packets will be retransmitted from the source.
* The packets will be delivered and reassembled at the destination.
The packets will be delivered and not reassembled at the destination.

10 With TCP/IP data encapsulation, which range of port numbers identifies all well-known applications?
0 to 255
256 to 1022
* 0 to 1023
1024 to 2047
49153 to 65535

11 Which transport layer protocol provides low overhead and would be used for applications which do not require reliable data delivery?
TCP
IP
* UDP
HTTP
DNS

12 What are two features of the User Datagram Protocol (UDP)? (Choose two.)
flow control
* low overhead
* connectionless
connection-oriented
sequence and acknowledgements

13 What mechanism is used by TCP to provide flow control as segments travel from source to destination?
sequence numbers
session establishment
* window size
acknowledgments

14 What is dynamically selected by the source host when forwarding data?
destination logical address
source physical address
default gateway address
* source port

15 Why are port numbers included in the TCP header of a segment?
to indicate the correct router interface that should be used to forward a segment
to identify which switch ports should receive or forward the segment
to determine which Layer 3 protocol should be used to encapsulate the data
* to enable a receiving host to forward the data to the appropriate application
to allow the receiving host to assemble the packet in the proper order

16 Which two options represent Layer 4 addressing? (Choose two.)
identifies the destination network
identifies source and destination hosts
* identifies the communicating applications
* identifies multiple conversations between the hosts
identifies the devices communicating over the local media

17 Which three features allow TCP to reliably and accurately track the transmission of data from source to destination?
encapsulation
* flow control
connectionless services
* session establishment
* numbering and sequencing
best effort delivery

18 Which OSI model layer is responsible for regulating the flow of information from source to destination, reliably and accurately?
application
presentation
session
* transport
network

19 Based on the transport layer header shown in the diagram, which of the following statements describe the established session? (Choose two.)
This is a UDP header.
* This contains a Telnet request.
This contains a TFTP data transfer.
The return packet from this remote host will have an Acknowledgement Number of 43693.
* This is a TCP header.

20 Which event occurs during the transport layer three-way handshake?
The two applications exchange data.
* TCP initializes the sequence numbers for the sessions.
UDP establishes the maximum number of bytes to be sent.
The server acknowledges the bytes of data received from the client.

My Squid

#OPTION JARINGAN

http_port 3129
icp_port 0
# OPTION UKURAN CACHE

cache_mem 256 MB
cache_swap_low 94
cache_swap_high 96
maximum_object_size 16384 KB
minimum_object_size 4 KB
maximum_object_size_in_memory 2048 KB
fqdncache_size 1024
cache_replacement_policy heap GDSF
memory_replacement_policy heap GDSF

# DIREKTORI LOG DAN CACHE

cache_dir aufs /var/spool/squid 9000 16 256
access_log /var/log/squid/access.log squid
cache_log /var/log/squid/cache.log
cache_store_log none

# TUNING CACHE PROXY

refresh_pattern ^ftp: 1440 20% 10080
refresh_pattern ^gopher: 1440 0% 1440
refresh_pattern . 0 20% 4320
negative_ttl 1 minutes

# TIMEOUT

half_closed_clients off

# Memblok situs terlarang (blacklist)secara manual

acl bad url_regex -i “/etc/squid/blacklist/domain-words”

acl blacklist dstdomain “/etc/squid/blacklist/domain-blacklist”

acl aolyahoo dstdomain shttp.msg.yahoo.com
acl aolyahoo dstdomain pager.yahoo.com
acl aolyahoo dstdomain update.messenger.yahoo.com
acl aolyahoo dstdomain update.pager.yahoo.com
http_access deny bad
http_access deny aolyahoo
http_access deny blacklist
#acl ipblacklist dst “/etc/squid/blacklist/ip-blacklist.txt”
acl tdkbebasdownload time 08:00-16:00

# AKSES KONTROL

acl all src 0.0.0.0/0.0.0.0
acl manager proto cache_object
acl localhost src 127.0.0.1/255.255.255.255
acl to_localhost dst 127.0.0.0/8
acl SSL_ports port 443
acl Safe_ports port 80 # http
acl Safe_ports port 21 # ftp
acl Safe_ports port 443 # https
acl Safe_ports port 70 # gopher
acl Safe_ports port 210 # wais
acl Safe_ports port 1025-65535 # unregistered ports
acl Safe_ports port 280 # http-mgmt
acl Safe_ports port 488 # gss-http
acl Safe_ports port 591 # filemaker
acl Safe_ports port 777 # multiling http
acl CONNECT method CONNECT

# Daftar IP address
acl office src 10.99.1.1-10.99.1.254/255.255.255.255

# Memblok situs terlarang secara manual

# Rule yang saya terapkan

http_access allow office
acl magic_words2 url_regex -i ftp .exe .mp3 .vqf .tar.gz .gz .tar.bz2 .bz2 .rpm .zip .rar .avi .mpeg .mpe .mpg .qt .ram .rm .raw .wav .iso

# Cancel download if file is bigger than 2 MB = 2000×1024 byte = 2048000 byte
reply_body_max_size 2048000 allow magic_words2 tdkbebasdownload
http_access deny !Safe_ports
http_access deny CONNECT !SSL_ports
http_access allow localhost
http_access deny all
http_reply_access allow all
icp_access allow all

# PARAMETER ADMINISTRATOR
#
cache_mgr sysdev@fujistaff.co.id
cache_effective_user squid
cache_effective_group squid
visible_hostname proxy.gateway.local

redirect-program /usr/local/bin/squidGuard -c /etc/squid/squidguard.conf

#tranparent Proxy
httpd_accel_host virtual

httpd_accel_port 80
httpd_accel_with_proxy on
httpd_accel_uses_host_header on

#Added By RS for limit bandwith
#———————— DELAY POLL KONFIGURASI HANNY —————————
#This is the most important part for shaping incoming traffic with Squid
#For detailed description see squid.conf file or docs at http://www.squid-cache.org
#We don’t want to limit downloads on our local network
acl magic_words1 url_regex -i 10.99.
#We want to limit downloads of these type of files
#Put this all in one line
acl magic_words2 url_regex -i ftp .exe .mp3 .vqf .tar.gz .gz .rpm .zip .rar .avi .mpeg .mpe .mpg .qt .ram .rm .iso .raw .wav
#We don’t block .html, .gif, .jpg and similar files, because they
#generally don’t consume much bandwith
#We have two different delay_pools
delay_pools 2
#First delay pool
#W don’t want to delay our local traffic
#There are three pool classes; here we will deal only with the second
delay_class 1 2
#-1/-1 mean that there are no limits
delay_parameters 1 -1/-1 -1/-1
#magic_words1: 10.99
delay_access 1 allow magic_words1
#Second delay pool
#we want to delay downloading files mentioned in magic_words2
delay_class 2 2
#The numbers here are values in bytes;
#we must remember that Squid doesn’t consider start/stop bits
#5000/150000 are values for the whole network
#5000/120000 are values for the single IP
#after downloaded files exceed about 150000 bytes,
#(or even twice or three times as much)
#they will continue to download at about 5000 bytes/s
delay_parameters 2 5000/150000 5000/120000
delay_access 2 allow magic_words2

CCNA Exploration 4.0: Network Fundamentals – Final Exam Answers

1 A PC can not connect to any remote websites, ping its default gateway, or ping a printer that is functioning properly on the local network segment. Which action will verify that the TCP/IP stack is functioning correctly on this PC?
Use the ipconfig /all command at the host’s command prompt.
* Use the ping 127.0.0.1 command at the command prompt.
Use the traceroute command at the command prompt to identify any failures on the path to the gateway.
Use FTP to check for connectivity to remote sites.
Download a troubleshooting tool from the PC manufacturer’s website.2

Refer to the exhibit. Which set of devices contains only intermediary devices?
* A, B, D, G
A, B, E, F
C, D, G, I
G, H, I, J3

Refer to the exhibit. When computer A sends a frame to computer D, what computers receive the frame?
* only computer D
only computer A and computer D
only computer B, computer C, and computer D
all computers4 Which password is automatically encrypted when it is created?
vty
aux
console
* enable secret
enable password

5 Which three statements characterize the transport layer protocols? (Choose three.)
* TCP and UDP port numbers are used by application layer protocols.
TCP uses port numbers to provide reliable transportation of IP packets.
UDP uses windowing and acknowledgments for reliable transfer of data.
* TCP uses windowing and sequencing to provide reliable transfer of data.
* TCP is a connection-oriented protocol. UDP is a connectionless protocol.

6 Which type of media is immune to EMI and RFI? (Choose two.)
10 Base-T
10 Base-2
10 Base-5
* 100 Base-FX
100 Base TX
* 1000 Base LX

7

Refer to the exhibit. A technician is working on a network problem that requires verification of the router LAN interface. What address should be pinged from this host to confirm that the router interface is operational?
127.0.0.1
192.168.64.196
* 192.168.254.1
192.168.254.9
192.168.254.254

8

Refer to the exhibit. The diagram represents the process of sending email between clients. Select the list below that correctly identifies the component or protocol used at each numbered stage of the diagram.
1.MUA 2.MDA 3.MTA 4.SMTP 5.MTA 6.POP 7.MDA 8.MUA
1.MUA 2.POP 3.MDA 4.SMTP 5.MTA 6.MDA 7.SMTP 8.MUA
1.MUA 2.POP 3.SMTP 4.MDA 5.MTA 6.SMTP 7.POP 8.MUA
1.MDA 2.SMTP 3.MTA 4.SMTP 5.MTA 6.MUA 7.POP 8.MDA
* 1.MUA 2.SMTP 3.MTA 4.SMTP 5.MTA 6.MDA 7.POP 8.MUA

9

Refer to the exhibit. What function does router RT_A need to provide to allow Internet access for hosts in this network?
* address translation
DHCP services
ftpd
web server

10

Refer to the exhibit. The network containing router B is experiencing problems. A network associate has isolated the issue in this network to router B? What action can be preformed to correct the network issue?
issue the ip address command on interface FastEthernet 0/0
* issue the no shutdown command on interface FastEthernet 0/1
issue the clock rate command on interface Serial 0/0/0
issue the description command on interface Serial 0/0/1

11 Which three IPv4 addresses represent a broadcast for a subnet? (Choose three.)
* 172.16.4.63 /26
172.16.4.129 /26
* 172.16.4.191 /26
172.16.4.51 /27
* 172.16.4.95 /27
172.16.4.221 /27

12 What are three characteristics of CSMA/CD? (Choose three.)
Devices can be configured with a higher transmission priority.
A jam signal indicates that the collision has cleared and the media is not busy.
* A device listens and waits until the media is not busy before transmitting.
The device with the electronic token is the only one that can transmit after a collision.
* All of the devices on a segment see data that passes on the network medium.
* After detecting a collision, hosts can attempt to resume transmission after a random time delay has expired.

13 In a Cisco IOS device, where is the startup-configuration file stored?
Flash
* NVRAM
RAM
ROM

14 A routing issue has occurred in you internetwork. Which of the following type of devices should be examined to isolate this error?
access point
host
hub
* router
switch

15 Which OSI layer protocol does IP rely on to determine whether packets have been lost and to request retransmission?
application
presentation
session
* transport

16 Due to a security violation, the router passwords must be changed. What information can be learned from the following configuration entries? (Choose two.) Router(config)# line vty 0 3 Router(config-line)# password c13c0 Router(config-line)# login
The entries specify three Telnet lines for remote access.
* The entries specify four Telnet lines for remote access.
The entries set the console and Telnet password to “c13c0″.
Telnet access will be denied because the Telnet configuration is incomplete.
* Access will be permitted for Telnet using “c13c0″ as the password.

17 Which prompt represents the appropriate mode used for the copy running-config startup-config command ?
Switch-6J>
* Switch-6J#
Switch-6J(config)#
Switch-6J(config-if)#
Switch-6J(config-line)#

18 Which combination of network id and subnet mask correctly identifies all IP addresses from 172.16.128.0 through 172.16.159.255?
172.16.128.0 255.255.255.224
172.16.128.0 255.255.0.0
172.16.128.0 255.255.192.0
* 172.16.128.0 255.255.224.0
172.16.128.0 255.255.255.192

19 When must a router serial interface be configured with the clock rate command?
when the interface is functioning as a DTE device
when the interface timers have been cleared
when the connected DTE device is shut down
* when the interface is functioning as a DCE device

20 When connectionless protocols are implemented at the lower layers of the OSI model, what are usually used to acknowledge the data receipt and request the retransmission of missing data?
connectionless acknowledgements
* upper-layer connection-oriented protocols
Network layer IP protocols
Transport layer UDP protocols

21 A technician is asked to secure the privileged EXEC mode of a switch by requiring a password. Which type of password would require this login and be considered the most secure?
console
enable
* enable secret
VTY

22

Refer to the exhibit. What is required on host A for a network technician to create the initial configuration on RouterA?
a FTP client
a telnet client
* a terminal emulation program
a web browser

23

Refer to the exhibit. A network administrator remotely accesses the CLI of RouterB from PC1. Which two statements are true about the application layer protocol that is used to make this connection? (Choose two.)
The data is encrypted.
* The connection type is called a VTY session.
A server process is running on PC1.
A GET request is sent to RouterB.
* The application name is the same for the service, protocol, and client.

24 The Layer 4 header contains which type of information to aid in the delivery of data?
* service port number
host logical address
device physical address
virtual connection identifier

25

Refer to the exhibit. What two facts can be determined about the exhibited topology? (Choose two.)
* A single broadcast domain is present
Two logical address ranges are required.
Three broadcast domains are shown.
Four networks are needed.
* Five collision domains exist.

26

Refer to the exhibit. A network technician is trying to determine the correct IP address configuration for Host A. What is a valid configuration for Host A?
IP address: 192.168.100.19; Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.248; Default Gateway: 192.16.1.2
* IP address: 192.168.100.20; Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.240; Default Gateway: 192.168.100.17
IP address: 192.168.100.21; Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.248; Default Gateway: 192.168.100.18
IP address: 192.168.100.22; Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.240; Default Gateway: 10.1.1.5
IP address: 192.168.100.30; Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.240; Default Gateway: 192.168.1.1
IP address: 192.168.100.31; Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.240; Default Gateway: 192.168.100.18

27

Refer to the exhibit. Cable 1 and cable 2 have the ends wired for specific physical layer requirements. The table lists each segment by number and the cable which has been installed by the network technician between the network components on that segment. From the data given, which segments have the correct cable installed? (Choose three.)
* segment1
segment2
* segment3
* segment4
segment5

28 What is true regarding network layer addressing? (Choose three.)
uses a flat structure
prevent broadcasts
* heirarchical
* uniquely identifies each host
48 bits in length
* contains a network portion

29

Refer to the exhibit. A router, whose table is shown, receives a packet that is destined for 192.168.1.4. How will router treat the packet?
The packet will be dropped.
The packet will be forwarded via FastEthernet 0/0.
* The packet will be forwarded to the destination host.
The packet will be forwarded to the 192.168.1.3 next-hop address.

30

Refer to the exhibit. Which two statements describe the information that is represented in the header? (Choose two.)
This is a server response.
The UDP protocol is being used.
* The destination port indicates a Telnet session.
* The return segment will contain a source port of 23.
The next session originated from the client of this session will use the source port number 13358.

31

Refer to the exhibit. What is the correct destination socket number for a web page request from Host A to the web server?
00-08-a3-b6-ce-46
* 198.133.219.25:80
http://www.cisco.com
C 198.133.219.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0

32 During the encapsulation process, which identifiers are added at the transport layer?
two networks routing the packets
* two applications communicating the data
two hosts at either end of the communication
two nodes on the local network exchanging the frame

33

Refer to the exhibit. A student has wired each end of a CAT 5e cable as shown. What is the result? (Choose two.)
The cable is unusable and must be rewired.
The cable is suitable for use as a Gigabit Ethernet straight-through.
* The cable is suitable for use as a Fast Ethernet crossover.
The cable is suitable for use as a rollover cable.
The cable is suitable for use as a Gigabit Ethernet crossover.
* The cable is suitable for use between two 100 Mbps Auto-MDIX capable switches.

34

Refer to the exhibit. Assume all devices are using default configurations. How many subnets are required to address the topology that is shown?
1
* 3
4
5
7

35

Refer to the exhibit. On the basis of the IP configuration that is shown, what is the reason that Host A and Host B are unable to communicate outside the local network?
Host A was assigned a network address.
Host B was assigned a multicast address.
Host A and Host B belong to different networks.
* The gateway address was assigned a broadcast address.

36

Refer to the exhibit. Each media link is labeled. What type of cable should be used to connect the different devices?
Connection 1 – rollover cable Connection 2 – straight-through cable Connection 3 – crossover cable
Connection 1 – crossover cable Connection 2 – rollover cable Connection 3 – crossover cable
Connection 1 – straight-through cable Connection 2 – crossover cable Connection 3 – crossover cable
* Connection 1 – straight-through cable Connection 2 – crossover cable Connection 3 – straight-through cable
Connection 1 – crossover cable Connection 2 – straight-through cable Connection 3 – crossover cable

37

Refer to the exhibit. What does the IP address 192.168.33.2 represent?
The host’s default gateway.
The host’s IP address.
* The host’s primary domain name server.
The IP address of the website resolver1.mooki.local.
The IP address of the host’s homepage.

38

Refer to the exhibit. What two facts can be determined from the information that is given? (Choose two.)
This exchange is part of the three-way handshake.
The source port indicates that a Telnet session has been initiated.
The data is flowing from server to client.
* The destination port indicates that an HTTP session has been initiated.
* The data listed is associated with the transport layer.
The source port does not support communication with the destination port that is listed.

39 Which of the following are the address ranges of the private IP addresses? (Choose three.)
* 10.0.0.0 to 10.255.255.255
200.100.50.0 to 200.100.25.255
150.150.0.0 to 150.150.255.255
* 172.16.0.0 to 172.31.255.255
* 192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.255
127.16.0.0 to 127.31.255.255

40 Which two functions of the OSI model occur at layer two? (Choose two.)
* physical addressing
encoding
routing
cabling
* media access control

41 Which range of port numbers are reserved for services that are commonly used by applications that run on servers?
0 to 255
* 0 to 1023
1024 to 49151
49152 to 65535

42 As network administrator, what is the subnet mask that allows 510 hosts given the IP address 172.30.0.0?
255.255.0.0
255.255.248.0
255.255.252.0
* 255.255.254.0
255.255.255.0
255.255.255.128

43

Refer to the exhibit. The tracert command is initiated from PC1 to the destination PC4. Which device will send a response to the initial packet from PC1?
* London
Paris
Athens
Ankara
PC4

44

Refer to the exhibit. Host A is transmitting data to host B. What addresses will host A use to for the destination IP and MAC addresses in this communication?
Destination MAC: BBBB:BBBB:BBBB Destination IP: 172.22.0.62
Destination MAC: DDDD:DDDD:DDDD Destination IP: 172.22.0.75
Destination MAC: EEEE:EEEE:EEEE Destination IP: 172.22.0.62
Destination MAC: BBBB:BBBB:BBBB Destination IP: 172.22.0.75
* Destination MAC: EEEE:EEEE:EEEE Destination IP: 172.22.0.75
Destination MAC: DDDD:DDDD:DDDD Destination IP: 172.22.0.94

45

Refer to the exhibit. Which logical topology best describes the exhibited network?
star
ring
point-to-point
* multiaccess
mesh

46

Examine the graphic with current configurations. Host A in the Clerical offices failed and was replaced. Although a ping to 127.0.0.1 was successful, the replacement computer can not access the company network. What is the likely cause of the problem?
IP address incorrectly entered
network cables unplugged
* subnet mask incorrectly entered
network card failure

47

Refer to the exhibit. With the router running NAT, what IP addresses can be applied to the computer to allow access to the Internet? (Choose three.)
192.168.18.38
192.168.18.48
* 192.168.18.49
* 192.168.18.52
* 192.168.18.59
192.168.18.63

48

Refer to the exhibit. What three statements are true about the IP configuration that is shown? (Choose three.)
* The address that is assigned to the computer represents private addressing.
* The computer is unable to communicate outside of the local network.
The network of this computer can have 126 hosts.
* The prefix of the computer address is /27.
The IP address that is assigned to the computer is routable on the Internet.
The IP address that is assigned to the computer is a broadcast address.

49

Refer to the exhibit. Host A attempts to establish a TCP/IP session with host C. During this attempt, a frame was captured with the source MAC address 0050.7320.D632 and the destination MAC address 0030.8517.44C4. The packet inside the captured frame has an IP source address 192.168.7.5, and the destination IP address is 192.168.219.24. At which point in the network was this packet captured?
leaving host A
leaving ATL
* leaving Dallas
leaving NYC

50 Which of the following OSI layers offers reliable, connection-oriented data communication services?
application
presentation
session
transport
* network

CCNA Exploration 4.0: Network Fundamentals – Chapter 11 Exam Answers

1
Refer to the exhibit. What command will place the router into the correct mode to configure an appropriate interface to connect to a LAN?
UBAMA# configure terminal
UBAMA(config)# line vty 0 4
UBAMA(config)# line console 0
UBAMA(config)# interface Serial 0/0/0
* UBAMA(config)# interface FastEthernet 0/12
In a Cisco router, when do changes made to the running-configuration take effect?
after a system restart
as the commands are entered
when logging off the system
* when the configuration is saved to the startup-configuration3
Refer to the exhibit. A technician applies the configuration in the exhibit to a clean router. To verify the configuration, the technician issues the show running-config command in the CLI session with the router. What lines should the technician expect to see in the router output from the show running-config command?

enable password class
line console 0
password ccna

enable secret cisco
enable password class
line console 0
password ccna

enable secret 5 $1$v0/3$QyQWmJyT7zCa/yaBRasJm0
enable password class
line console 0
password ccna

enable secret cisco
enable password 7 14141E0A1F17
line console 0
password 7 020507550A

* enable secret 5 $1$v0/3$QyQWmJyT7zCa/yaBRasJm0
enable password 7 14141E0A1F17
line console 0
password 7 020507550A4
When network services fail, which port is most often used to access a router for management purposes?
AUX
Ethernet
* Console
Telnet
SSH5
Refer to the exhibit. A network administrator on HostA has problems accessing the FTP server. Layer three connectivity testing was successful from HostA to the S1 interface of RouterB. Which set of commands will allow the network administrator to telnet to RouterB and run debug commands?

RouterB(config)# enable secret class
RouterB(config)# line vty 0 4
RouterB(config-if)# login

RouterB(config)# enable secret class
RouterB(config)# line vty 0 2
RouterB(config-vty)# password cisco
RouterB(config-vty)# login

* RouterB(config)# enable secret class
RouterB(config)# line vty 0
RouterB(config-line)# password cisco
RouterB(config-line)# login

RouterB(config)# enable secret class
RouterB(config)# line aux 0
RouterB(config-line)# password cisco
RouterB(config-line)# login

RouterB(config)# enable secret class
RouterB(config)# line aux 0
RouterB(config-vty)# password cisco
RouterB(config-vty)# login6
Users in the network are experiencing slow response time when doing file transfers to a remote server. What command could be issued to determine if the router has experienced any input or output errors?
show running-config
show startup-config
* show interfaces
show ip route
show version
show memory7
Refer to the exhibit. Which names correctly identify the CLI mode represented by the prompt for Switch-East4#? (Choose two.)
line configuration mode
user executive mode
* global configuration mode
privileged executive mode
interface configuration mode
* enable mode8
What command is used to change the default router name to Fontana?
Router# name Fontana
Router# hostname Fontana
Router(config)# name Fontana
* Router(config)# hostname Fontana

9
The serial connection shown in the graphic needs to be configured. Which configuration commands must be made on the Sydney router to establish connectivity with the Melbourne site? (Choose three.)
* Sydney(config-if)# ip address 201.100.53.2 255.255.255.0
* Sydney(config-if)# no shutdown
Sydney(config-if)# ip address 201.100.53.1 255.255.255.224
* Sydney(config-if)# clock rate 56000
Sydney(config-if)# ip host Melbourne 201.100.53.2

10
Refer to the exhibit. The output is shown for the show ip route command executed on Router A. What does the IP address 192.168.2.2 represent?
Gateway for the 192.168.1.0 network
Gateway for the 192.168.3.0 network
IP assigned to the serial port on Router A
* IP assigned to the serial port on Router B

11
Refer to the exhibit. What additional command is required to allow remote access to this switch?
NA-SW1(config-if)# no shutdown
NA-SW1(config)# enable password password
* NA-SW1(config)# ip default-gateway address
NA-SW1(config-if)# description description

12
Immediately after a router completes its boot sequence, the network administrator wants to check the routers configuration. From privileged EXEC mode, which of the following commands can the administrator use for this purpose? (Choose two.)
show flash
show NVRAM
* show startup-config
* show running-config
show version

13
Which three terms correctly define the forms of help available within the Cisco IOS? (Choose three.)
hot keys
* context-check
context-sensitive
* structured check
command override
* command syntax check

14
Refer to the exhibit. A student is responsible for the IP addressing, configuration and connectivity testing of the network shown in the graphic. A ping from host B to host C results in a destination unreachable but a ping from host B to host A was successful. What two reasons could account for this failure based on the graphic and partial router output for the Dallas router? (Choose two.)
The host A is turned off.
The Fa0/0 interface on Dallas is shutdown.
The LAN cable is disconnected from host B.
* The S0/0/1 IP address of Dallas is improperly configured.
* The Fa0/0 interface on Dallas is in a different subnet than host B.
The clock rate is missing on the serial link between Dallas and NYC.

15
Which combination of keys would be used at the CLI prompt to interrupt a ping or traceroute process?
* Ctrl-C
Ctrl-P
Ctrl-R
Ctrl-Shift-6
Ctrl-Z

16
The connection between routers B and C has been successfully tested. However, after rebooting router C, the administrator noticed the response time between networks 10.10.3.0 and 10.10.4.0 is slower. Ping between the two routers is successful. A trace route indicates three hops from router B to router C. What else can be done to troubleshoot the problem?
Ping router B S0/1 connection from router C.
Trace the connection between router B to router C S0/1.
Issue a show ip route command in router B to verify routing is enabled.
* Issue a show interfaces command on router C.

17
In a Cisco device, where is the IOS file stored prior to system startup?
RAM
ROM
* Flash
NVRAM

18
On a Cisco router, which interface would be used to make the initial configuration?
toinen

19
A network administrator needs to keep the user ID, password, and session contents private when establishing remote CLI connectivity with a router to manage it. Which access method should be chosen?
Telnet
Console
AUX
* SSH

CCNA Exploration 4.0: Network Fundamentals – Chapter 10 Exam Answers

1

Refer to the exhibit. A student working in the lab selects a cable that is wired as shown. Which connection types can successfully be made with this cable? (Choose two.)
connecting a PC to a router’s console port
* connecting two routers together via their fast ethernet ports
* connecting two switches together at gigabit speeds
connecting a PC to a switch at Gigabit Ethernet speeds
connecting two devices with the same interface type at Fast Ethernet speeds2
Which three statements are true about the role of routers in the network? (Choose three.)
They propagate broadcasts.
They enlarge collision domains.
They segment broadcast domains.
* They interconnect different network technologies.
* Each router interface requires a separate network or subnet.
* They maintain a common frame format between LAN and WAN interfaces.3
Refer to the exhibit. A network administrator has decided to use packet capture software to evaluate all traffic from the student subnet on the way to the Internet. To ensure that all packets are captured, what network device should be used to connect the monitoring station to the network between R1 and R2?
* router
hub
switch
wireless access point4
A network administrator is required to use media in the network that can run up to 100 meters in cable length without using repeaters. The chosen media must be inexpensive and easily installed. The installation will be in a pre-existing building with limited cabling space. Which type of media would best meet these requirements?
STP
* UTP
coaxial
single-mode fiber
multimode fiber

5
Refer to the exhibit. Which three statements are true about the exhibited topology? (Choose three.)
Hosts B and C are in the same subnet.
* Five broadcast domains are present.
* Host B is using a crossover cable to connect to the router.
Four broadcast domains are present.
*Five networks are shown.
Host B is using a rollover cable to connect to the router.

6
Which three types of connectors are commonly associated with Cisco’s V.35 serial cables? (Choose three.)
RJ 11
* DB 60
* Winchester 15 pin
DB 9
* smart serial
RJ 45

7
How many host addresses may be assigned on each subnetwork when using the 130.68.0.0 network address with a subnet mask of 255.255.248.0?
30
256
* 2046
2048
4094
4096

8
Refer to the exhibit. Based on the IP configuration shown, what would be the result of Host A and Host B attempting to communicate outside the network segment?
both host A and B would be successful
* host A would be successful, host B would fail
host B would be successful, host A would fail
both Host A and B would fail

9
Refer to the exhibit. What destination IP address will PC1 place in the header for a packet destined for PC2?
192.168.1.1
192.168.2.1
192.168.2.2
192.168.3.1
* 192.168.3.54

10
Refer to the exhibit. Which three statements identify the type of cabling that would be used in the segments that are shown? (Choose three.)
Segment 1 uses backbone cabling.
* Segment 1 uses a patch cable.
Segment 3 uses patch cabling.
Segment 3 uses vertical cabling.
* Segment 3 uses horizontal cabling.
* Segment 4 uses vertical cabling.

11
A company is planning to subnet its network for a maximum of 27 hosts. Which subnet mask would provide the needed hosts and leave the fewest unused addresses in each subnet?
255.255.255.0
255.255.255.192
* 255.255.255.224
255.255.255.240
255.255.255.248

12
Refer to the exhibit. A student is setting up a home network primarily used for extensive file transfers, streaming video, and gaming. Which network device is best suited to these types of activities in the topology shown?
wireless access point
router
hub
* switch

13
Refer to the exhibit. How many subnets are required to support the network that is shown?
2
* 3
4
5

14
What does the term “attenuation” mean in data communication?
* loss of signal strength as distance increases
time for a signal to reach its destination
leakage of signals from one cable pair to another
strengthening of a signal by a networking device

15
To establish a console connection from a computer to a Cisco router, which cable wiring option would be used?
* crossover cable
straight through cable
rollover cable
V.35 cable

16
What makes fiber preferable to copper cabling for interconnecting buildings? (Choose three.)
* greater distances per cable run
lower installation cost
*limited susceptibility to EMI/RFI
durable connections
*greater bandwidth potential
easily terminated

17
Refer to the exhibit. A network technician has been allocated the 192.168.1.0/24 private IP address range for use in the network that shown in the exhibit. Which subnet mask would be used to meet the host requirements for segment A of this internetwork?
* 255.255.255.128
255.255.255.192
255.255.255.224
255.255.255.240
255.255.255.248

18
Which subnet mask would be assigned to the network address of 192.168.32.0 to provide 254 useable host addresses per subnetwork?
255.255.0.0
* 255.255.255.0
255.255.254.0
255.255.248.0

19
What type of network cable is used between a terminal and a console port?
cross-over
straight-through
* roll-over
patch cable

20
Which option identifies the primary interface which would be used for initial configuration of a Cisco router?
AUX interface
Ethernet interface
serial interface
* console interface

21
What are three common methods for setting a UTP Ethernet port to MDI or MDIX operation? (Choose three.)
direct configuration of the device
* cable color code association
cable selection and configuration
use of cable testers to determine pinouts
* the enabling of the mechanism to electrically swap the transmit and receive pairs
* the automatic detection and negotiating of MDI/MDIX operation of the port

22
Which device is used to create or divide broadcast domains?
hub
switch
bridge
* router
repeater

23
Refer to the exhibit. Assume that all devices are using default settings. How many subnets are required to address the topology that is shown?
1
3
4
* 5
7

CCNA Exploration 4.0: Network Fundamentals – Chapter 9 Exam Answers

1

In the graphic, Host A has reached 50% completion in sending a 1 KB Ethernet frame to Host D when Host B wishes to transmit its own frame to Host C. What must Host B do?

Host B can transmit immediately since it is connected on its own cable segment.
Host B must wait to receive a CSMA transmission from the hub, to signal its turn.
Host B must send a request signal to Host A by transmitting an interframe gap.
* Host B must wait until it is certain that Host A has completed sending its frame.

2 Ethernet operates at which layers of the OSI model? (Choose two.)

Network layer
Transport layer
* Physical layer
Application layer
Session layer
* Data-link layer

3 Which of the following describe interframe spacing? (Choose two.)

* the minimum interval, measured in bit-times, that any station must wait before sending another frame
the maximum interval, measured in bit-times, that any station must wait before sending another frame
the 96-bit payload padding inserted into a frame to achieve a legal frame size
the 96-bit frame padding transmitted between frames to achieve proper synchronization
* the time allowed for slow stations to process a frame and prepare for the next frame
the maximum interval within which a station must send another frame to avoid being considered unreachable

4 What three primary functions does data link layer encapsulation provide? (Choose three.)

* addressing
* error detection
* frame delimiting
port identification
path determination
IP address resolution

5 When a collision occurs in a network using CSMA/CD, how do hosts with data to transmit respond after the backoff period has expired?

* The hosts return to a listen-before-transmit mode.
The hosts creating the collision have priority to send data.
The hosts creating the collision retransmit the last 16 frames.
The hosts extend their delay period to allow for rapid transmission.

6 What are three functions of the upper data link sublayer in the OSI model? (Choose three.)

recognizes streams of bits
* identifies the network layer protocol
* makes the connection with the upper layers identifies the source and destination applications
* insulates network layer protocols from changes in physical equipment
determines the source of a transmission when multiple devices are transmitting

7 What does the IEEE 802.2 standard represent in Ethernet technologies?

MAC sublayer
Physical layer
* Logical Link
Control sublayer
Network layer

8 Why do hosts on an Ethernet segment that experience a collision use a random delay before attempting to transmit a frame?

A random delay is used to ensure a collision-free link.
A random delay value for each device is assigned by the manufacturer.
A standard delay value could not be agreed upon among networking device vendors.
* A random delay helps prevent the stations from experiencing another collision during the transmission.

9 Refer to the exhibit. Which option correctly matches the frame field type with the contents that frame field includes?

* header field – preamble and stop frame
data field – network layer packet
data field – physical addressing
trailer field – FCS and SoF

10 Host A has an IP address of 172.16.225.93 and a mask of 255.255.248.0. Host A needs to communicate with a new host whose IP is 172.16.231.78. Host A performs the ANDing operation on the destination address. What two things will occur? (Choose two.)

Host A will change the destination IP to the IP of the nearest router and forward the packet.
Host A will broadcast an ARP request for the MAC of its default gateway.
A result of 172.16.225.0 will be obtained.
* Host A will broadcast an ARP request for the MAC of the destination host.
A result of 172.16.224.0 will be obtained.
* A result of 172.16.225.255 will be obtained.

11 Which of the following is a drawback of the CSMA/CD access method?
* Collisions can decrease network performance.
It is more complex than non-deterministic protocols.
Deterministic media access protocols slow network performance.
CSMA/CD LAN technologies are only available at slower speeds than other LAN technologies.

12 Ethernet operates at which layer of the TCP/IP network model?
application
physical
transport
internet
data link
* network access

13 What is the primary purpose of ARP?
translate URLs to IP addresses
* resolve IPv4 addresses to MAC addresses
provide dynamic IP configuration to network devices
convert internal private addresses to external public addresses

14

Refer to the exhibit. The switch and workstation are administratively configured for full-duplex operation. Which statement accurately reflects the operation of this link?

* No collisions will occur on this link.
Only one of the devices can transmit at a time.
The switch will have priority for transmitting data.
The devices will default back to half duplex if excessive collisions occur.

15

Refer to the exhibit. Host_A is attempting to contact Server_B. Which statements correctly describe the addressing Host_A will generate in the process? (Choose two.)

A packet with the destination IP of Router_B.
A frame with the destination MAC address of Switch_A.
A packet with the destination IP of Router_A.
* A frame with the destination MAC address of Router_A.
* A packet with the destination IP of Server_B.
A frame with the destination MAC address of Server_B.

16 Which statements correctly describe MAC addresses? (Choose three.)

dynamically assigned
* copied into RAM during system startup
layer 3 address
* contains a 3 byte OUI
* 6 bytes long
32 bits long

17 Which two features make switches preferable to hubs in Ethernet-based networks? (Choose two.)

reduction in cross-talk
* minimizing of collisions
support for UTP cabling
* division into broadcast domains
increase in the throughput of communications

18 What are the two most commonly used media types in Ethernet networks today? (Choose two.)

* coaxial thicknet
copper UTP
coaxial thinnet
optical fiber
* shielded twisted pair

19 Convert the binary number 10111010 into its hexadecimal equivalent. Select the correct answer from the list below.

85
90
* BA
A1
B3
1C

20 After an Ethernet collision, when the backoff algorithm is invoked, which device has priority to transmit data?

the device involved in the collision with the lowest MAC address
the device involved in the collision with the lowest IP address
* any device in the collision domain whose backoff timer expires first
those that began transmitting at the same time

Refer to the exhibit. What command was executed on a host computer to produce the results shown?

route PRINT
* arp -a
arp -d
netstat
telnet